From My Story Doctor:
There are many ways to hook a reader who opens your book–a great cover, a catchy title, luscious descriptions on the back cover, an endearing character portrait, a captivating first line, and so on.
Yet all too soon, much of how well the story grabs a reader will depend upon whether your conflict is engaging. Interestingly, I can only see a couple of ways to introduce a significant conflict.
1. Open Your Story with Massive Conflict
The first method is to front-load the book, giving the reader a massive conflict on the opening page. Brandon Sanderson did this nicely in Elantris. Robert Jordan does it in the prologue to The Wheel of Time. Both novels sold extremely well as a result.
On a biological level, the reader experiences a rush of adrenaline as he or she is faced with a conflict, as well as increased levels of cortisol as stress is induced. The fact that the stress is unresolved suggests that there may be an element of mystery, so the body supplies a bit of dopamine to incite the reader to go on reading—and since the reader is looking for a pleasurable experience, the brain will also gush serotonin to signal that, “Hey, we found the good stuff.”
All in all, this seems like a very heady mix. (Pun intended.)
2. Open Your Story with an Intriguing Mystery
The second method is to create a mystery in the opening pages, taking perhaps a dozen chapters to reveal the main conflict. This technique is very popular with young adult fiction. For example, we see it handled well in Rick Riordan’s The Lightning Thief.
On a biological level, when we read a mystery the body dispenses dopamine to keep the reader on the trail for clues, but of course since there are growing conflicts and a sense of “Hey, we found the good stuff,” the other chemicals will come into play to lesser degrees. As a mystery is resolved, the brain is treated to a rush of serotonin.
Link to the rest at My Story Doctor
Flash-forwards are a common trick in series video.
Not so much in prose.
Trickier to pull off when the audience doesn’t know any of the players but I’ve seen it work, and well, from time to time.
Actually, per the Look Inside feature at Amazon, both books seemed to start with action but actually started by grounding the reader with description.
I hadn’t thought about Look Inside as a means of studying how a wide variety of authors start their books. Great idea.